Memorization is Crucial to Learning

Memorization is a crucial part of learning. In their article, "Retrieval Practice Produces More Learning than Elaborative Concept Mapping" in Science (2011), Jeffrey D. Karpicke and Janell R. Blunt explain that students achieve better learning results using retrieval than concept mapping. 

Retrieval is the practice of recalling information from memory. Methods of retrieval practice include flashcards, practice quizzes, and brain dumps. Concept mapping is the use of diagrams to organize information. Methods include mind maps, tree diagrams, and Venn diagrams. 

In educational circles, you often hear the phrase, "Memorization isn't learning." While it's true that understanding concepts deeply is crucial, the value of memorization should not be underestimated as a foundation for learning. 

Before we can apply knowledge creatively or critically, we need to have a strong foundation of facts. Memorizing certain facts is essential before we can use them effectively in analysis, problem-solving, or decision-making. For example, a doctor must memorize anatomical details and medical terms before she can diagnose and treat patients. Similarly, a diplomat must command facts and information about geography, politics and economics to communicate effectively.

Memorization is also beneficial for the brain. Engaging in the process of memorizing strengthens neural connections and improves cognitive functions such as focus, attention, and memory retention. It's a mental exercise that keeps the brain active and healthy, much like how physical exercise benefits the body.

While critical thinking and understanding are crucial components of education, memorization should not be dismissed. It is an integral part of the learning process that supports and enhances other cognitive skills. Educators should strive to balance the development of deep understanding with the cultivation of a strong memory.

Next time a student tells me, “memorization isn’t learning.” I will reply, “No, but it’s an important part of learning.”